The Linked Data Rights ontology provides the vocabulary for creating policies and rights expressions for Linked Data resources. It derives most of the terms from the ODRL Ontology.
Linked Data assets (RDF triples, graphs, datasets, mappings...) can be object of protection by the intellectual property law, the database law or its access or publication be restricted by other legal reasons (personal data pro- tection, security reasons, etc.). Publishing a rights expression along with the digital asset, allows the rightsholder waiving some or all of the IP and database rights (leaving the work in the public domain), permitting some operations if certain conditions are satisfied (like giving attribution to the author) or simply reminding the audience that some rights are reserved.
ldr | <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#> |
owl | <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> |
rdfs | <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> |
skos | <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> |
cc | <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> |
odrl | <http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/> |
void | <http://vocab.deri.ie/void#> |
dct | <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> |
ldp | <http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#> |
mco-core | <urn:mpeg:mpeg21:mco:core:2012#> |
A rights expression -equivalently a policy expression- declares who can do what over which object under which circumstances. The who, the what, the which and the circumstances are represented by a class each, gathered around a rightsexpression.
Rights include intellectual property rights, database rights and access (i.e. limited if the resource contains personal or confidential information etc.). The access is usually often of limitation by means of access control mechanism, and different kinds of access can be conceived.
Specifically for Linked Data, some famous objects of rights would be the statement, the dataset, the ontology, the mapping etc.
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix ldr: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . <http://example.com#> rdf:type owl:Ontology; dct:license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/> .
@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> . :mydataset rdf:type void:Dataset ; dct:rights [ odrl:permission [ odrl:action ldr:extraction, ldr:reutilization; ] ].Note that there is an anonymous resource attributed by dct:rights to the dataset (which can be inferred to be a odrl:Policy) which contains another anonymous individual (which can be inferred to be a odrl:Permission).
@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> . :mydataset rdf:type void:Dataset ; dct:rights [ odrl:permission [ odrl:action odrl:distribution; ] ; odrl:prohibition [ odrl:action ldr:rebaseURI; ] ].
@prefix gr: <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1>. ex1:dataset1 a void:Dataset . ex2:dataset2 a void:Dataset . ex2:mapping a void:Linkset ; void:target ex1:dataset1, ex2:dataset2 ; dct:rights [ odrl:permission [ odrl:action ldr:SPARQLSELECT, ldr:HTTPGET; odrl:duty [ odrl:action odrl:pay; odrl:target [ a gr:UnitPriceSpecificatoin ; gr:hasCurrencyValue "400"^^xsd:float; gr:hasCurrency "USD"^^xsd:string. ] ] odrl:permission [ odrl:action ldr:SPARQLCONSTRUCT, ldr:HTTPPUT; ] ].
:policy a odrl:Set ; ldr:hasExtendedRule [ odrl:operation "OR"; odrl:permission [ odrl:action odrl:read ; odrl:duty [ odrl:pay ; odrl:target <http://example.com/ubl:AUD0.50> ] ]; odrl:permission [ odrl:action odrl:read ; odrl:constraint [ odrl:purpose "Research" . ] ] ] .
@prefix vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#> . :x a rdf:Statement ; rdf:subject <http://example.org/bob> ; rdf:predicate vcard:hasTelephone ; rdf:object "003412345654" ; ldr:hasClaim ldr:hasPersonalData.
@prefix wot: <http://xmlns.com/wot/0.1/> . :p2 a odrl:Set ; odrl:permission [ odrl:target :mydataset ; odrl:action ldr:access ; odrl:assignee [ a odrl:Party, owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty odrl:assignee ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty wot:hasKey ; owl:hasValue <http://example.com/aKey> ] ] ] .
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Access
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/Constraint
IRI: urn:mpeg:mpeg21:mco:core:2012#Contract
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#CopyrightException
Reason which can be invoked to make an exception to the intellectual property or database law
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#DatabaseRight
Sui generis right for databases, recognized in European countries and others
IRI: http://rdfs.org/ns/void#Dataset
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Derivation
Transformation of the work, including translation adaptation or any other form modification
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Distribution
Make available the original work or its copies, in a physical medium
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#ExtendedRule
Extended Relations may tie Permission, Prohibition, Duty, and Constraint entities together with an AND, OR or XOR relationship. Only entities of the same type can be linked with this model. For example, a Permission and Prohibition cannot be linked together within this model. The Extended rule is composed of two or more rules
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Extraction
Right to permanent or temporary transfer of all or a substantial part of the contents of a database to another medium by any means or in any form
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#FamousDataLicense
License publicly available and known to the public
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#IPRight
Intellectual Property right
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#LDPAccess
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#License
Set of rights expressions offered to the public, which grant one or more rights, possibly conditioned to the fulfillment of one or more conditions (propositions)
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#LinkedDataPolicy
A policy applied over a Linked Data resource
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#LinkedDataResource
A Linked Data resource, object of some rights
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#LinkedDataRight
Action legally granted as allowable to be exercised on a Linked Data resource
IRI: http://rdfs.org/ns/void#Linkset
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Proposition
A veritative statement
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#PublicCommunication
Granting a number of people access to the work without existing distribution
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Reproduction
Direct or indirect fixation, allowing its communication and/or making copies of it
IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#Resource
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#ResourceLegalStatus
Attribute of a resource regarding its legal status
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#Reutilization
Right to make available to the public all or a substantial part of the contents of a database by the distribution of copies, by renting, by on-line or other forms of transmission
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#SPARQLAccess
IRI: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasClaim
Declares a claim asserted in the context of a rights expression
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasExtendedRule
Links a Policy to an ExtendedRule it contains
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasLegalStatus
Declares the legal status of a resource
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasRequirement
Declares which requirements have to be fulfilled for the Rule to be valid
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#dataFormat
Format of the data ("text/html", "application/rdf+xml", etc.)
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasAttributionText
Text that has to be included as requested by a condition
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasCopyrightNotice
Text that has to be attached imposed as a condition
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasDisclaimerText
Text discharging responsibilities on the use of the Linked Data resource
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasPersonalData
Declares that the referred resource has personal data
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasPrivacyLevel
Declares the privacy level (e.g. personal data) for a Linked Data resource
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#issuedOn
Date on which the rights expression is issued, with legal consequences on the copyright or database right expiration.
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#operation
May be set with one of the mathematical values AND, OR and XOR. (OR is the default if not specified.)
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#protocol
Access protocol (e.g. "SPARQL", "HTTPS", etc.)
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#queriesPerDay
Number of queries per day
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#queriesPerMinute
Number of queries per minute
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#truthValue
Truth value
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#access
Access in any manner or form
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#baseSoftwareUpon
Distribute a pice of software whose well functioning depends on the related Linked Data resource
IRI: http://purl.org/NET/rdflicense/cc-zero1.0
Creative Commons public domain waiver
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#copyDatabase
Coyping a dataset, for other purposes than private use
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#copyWork
copying the work for purposes other than private
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#derivation
General transformation of the work
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#deriveClasses
Subclassing
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#deriveProperties
Subpropertying
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#distribution
General act of making available the original work or its copies, in a physical medium
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#downloadDatabase
Downloading a dataset, for other purposes than private use
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#downloadWork
downloading the work for purposes other than private
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#extract
General right of extraction
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#HTTPDELETE
Accessing with the HTTP DELETE Method
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#HTTPGET
Accessing with the HTTP GET Method
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#HTTPPATCH
Accesing with the HTTP PATH Method
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#HTTPPOST
Accessing with the HTTP POST Method
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#HTTPPUT
Accessing with the HTTP PUT Method
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasAllRightsReserved
Declares that the referred resource is protected under copyright or database rights, and none of them is waived
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasCopyrightExpired
Declares that the referred resource has its copyright expired
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasDatabaseRightsExpired
Declares that the referred resource has the database rights expired
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasIndustrialSecret
The referred resource containts an Industrial Secret
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasNationalSecurityInfo
Declares that the referred resource has information whose disclosure might harm the national security
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasPersonalData
Declares that the referred resource has personal data
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#hasTopSecret
Declares that the referred resource contains top secret information of military nature or other
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#isInPublicDomain
Declares that the declared resource is in the public domain
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#judicialProcess
if the action is carried out for the purposes of an administrative or judicial procedure
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#mirror
The action of mirroring any piece of Linked Data
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#nationalSecurity
if the action is carried out in the interests of public security
IRI: http://purl.org/NET/rdflicense/odbl1.0
Attribution Share-Alike for data/databases
IRI: http://purl.org/NET/rdflicense/odbc-pddl1.0
Public Domain for data/databases
IRI: http://purl.org/NET/rdflicense/odbc-by1.0
Attribution for data/databases
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#publicCommunication
General right of public communication
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#publishDatabase
Make available a database in internet or by other means
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#reasonWith
Accesing Linked Data with the purpose of reasoning, through an specialized protocol (e.g. OWLLink) or not
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#rebaseURIs
Partially change the URI systematically rebasing the entities
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#reificate
Reificate an RDF statement or a set thereof
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#rent
Renting a copy of the work
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#reproduction
General right of public reproduction
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#research
illustration for teaching or scientific research, provided the source, including the author's name, is acknowledged
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#LinkedDataAccess
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#reutilization
General right of re-utilization
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#SPARQLASK
Access through the SPARQL ASK query form
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#SPARQLCONSTRUCT
Access through the SPARQL CONSTRUCT query form
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#SPARQLDESCRIBE
Access through the SPARQL DESCRIBE query form
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#SPARQLSELECT
Access through the SPARQL SELECT query form
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#sell
Selling a copy of the work
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#sellAccess
Offering for meny the access to a copy of the work
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#transcodeWork
Transcoding the work
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#translateWork
Translating the work
IRI: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/2/
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch
IRI: http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#issuedOn
Date on which the rights expression is issued, with legal consequences on the copyright or database right expiration.
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrowMatch
This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.
The authors would like to thanks Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment used for representing the Corss Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing the script used to create the template of this document.
Right of access, which can be legally granted (e.g. public sector information) or expressely restricted (e.g. secrets compromising national security)